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The oleaginous yeast, <em>Yarrowia lipolytica</em>, is becoming increasing popular for metabolic engineering applications. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have allowed microorganisms such as <em>Y. lipolytica</em> to be tailored for specific chemical production. Significant progress has been made to understand the genetics of <em>Y. lipolytica</em> and towards developing novel genetic engineering tools, leading to accelerated metabolic engineering efforts for a variety of different products. In this review, we discuss recent advances in genetic engineering tools and metabolic engineering achievements specific to <em>Y. lipolytica</em>. Topics covered in this review include genetic manipulation and expression systems, lipid-based products, peroxisome-based products and alternative sugar utilization.