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Activated carbons from Chinese coal and Chinese hydrolysis lignin have been prepared by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. The following aspects of these activated materials have been analyzed: raw material; pre-treatment of raw material; activation agent, activation temperature and time, and the activation agent/raw material ratio. Activated carbons with BET specific surface areas of the order of 2400–2600 m 2 /g which exhibited substantial microporosity, a total pore volume of over 1.30 cm 3 /g and a Methylene Blue adsorption capacity of over 440 mg/g were obtained.