Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 2: Subtypes and Divergent Differentiation

oleh: Francesca Sanguedolce, Magda Zanelli, Andrea Palicelli, Stefano Ascani, Maurizio Zizzo, Giorgia Cocco, Lars Björnebo, Anna Lantz, Matteo Landriscina, Vincenza Conteduca, Ugo Giovanni Falagario, Luigi Cormio, Giuseppe Carrieri

Format: Article
Diterbitkan: MDPI AG 2022-07-01

Deskripsi

Following several attempts to achieve a molecular stratification of bladder cancer (BC) over the last decade, a “consensus” classification has been recently developed to provide a common base for the molecular classification of bladder cancer (BC), encompassing a six-cluster scheme with distinct prognostic and predictive characteristics. In order to implement molecular subtyping (MS) as a risk stratification tool in routine practice, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been explored as a readily accessible, relatively inexpensive, standardized surrogate method, achieving promising results in different clinical settings. The second part of this review deals with the pathological and clinical features of the molecular clusters, both in conventional and divergent urothelial carcinoma, with a focus on the role of IHC-based subtyping.