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Preparation, Supramolecular Aggregation and Immunological Activity of the Bona Fide Vaccine Adjuvant Sulfavant S
oleh: Emiliano Manzo, Laura Fioretto, Carmela Gallo, Marcello Ziaco, Genoveffa Nuzzo, Giuliana D’Ippolito, Assunta Borzacchiello, Antonio Fabozzi, Raffaele De Palma, Angelo Fontana
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2020-08-01 |
Deskripsi
In aqueous conditions, amphiphilic bioactive molecules are able to form self-assembled colloidal structures modifying their biological activity. This behavior is generally neglected in preclinical studies, despite its impact on pharmacological development. In this regard, a significative example is represented by a new class of amphiphilic marine-inspired vaccine adjuvants, collectively named Sulfavants, based on the β-sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglyceride skeleton. The family includes the lead product Sulfavant A (<b>1</b>) and two epimers, Sulfavant R (<b>2</b>) and Sulfavant S (<b>3</b>), differing only for the stereochemistry at C-2 of glycerol. The three compounds showed a significant difference in immunological potency, presumably correlated with change of the aggregates in water. Here, a new synthesis of diastereopure <b>3</b> was achieved, and the study of the immunomodulatory behavior of mixtures of <b>2/3</b> proved that the bizarre in vitro response to <b>1</b>–<b>3</b> effectively depends on the supramolecular aggregation states, likely affecting the bioavailability of agonists that can effectively interact with the cellular targets. The evidence obtained with the mixture of pure Sulfavant R (<b>2</b>) and Sulfavant S (<b>3</b>) proves, for the first time, that supramolecular organization of a mixture of active epimers in aqueous solution can bias evaluation of their biological and pharmacological potential.