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As a branch of social critique, the sociology of work shares with clinical activities a humanist vision of the emancipation of work – along with numerous analyses of the sources and manifestations of the degradation of work in the modern world. Studies evoking both perspectives tend to corroborate them even as they clearly differ in terms of their objects, methods and epistemologies. This Controversy offers an explanation for such convergences, complementarities, differences and disagreements. Themes that the four sociologists evoked here debate with Yves Clot include the relationship between knowledge and action; the connection between social relationships and human activity; clinical activity research teams’ priority intervention areas; perspectives associated with the institutionalisation of quality of work-related conflicts; and the different ways that wage conflict can be apprehended.