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The compatibility of mycorrhizal fungi with the early growth stage of orchids is essential for their growth. In this study, the compatibility and promotion effects of 14 <i>Tulasnella</i> strains from different hosts were studied by co-culturing them with the protocorms of <i>Dendrobium crepidatum</i>, which has high ornamental and economic value in China. The ITS–LSU–SSU–TEF combined sequence analysis divided the 14 strains into three clades belonging to <i>Tulasnella calospora</i> (clades A and B) and <i>Tulasnella asymmetrica</i> (clade C). All the strains were compatible with <i>D. crepidatum</i> protocorms within 90 d of the co-culture. Strain T12 in Clade A had a significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) effect on the biomass and morphology of <i>D. crepidatum,</i> and strain T13 in Clade C had a significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) effect than the other strains. Through morphological principal component analysis, we constructed a hierarchical cluster analysis tree, which was consistent with the phylogenetic tree of these 14 strains at the clade level. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that these strains have an important effect on the plant height, root number, and length of <i>D. crepidatum</i>. The findings of this study will contribute to the identification of <i>Tulasnella</i> strains, conservation of <i>D. crepidatum</i> resources, and commercial utilization of mycorrhizal technology.