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Photonics plays a pivotal role in propelling space exploration forward, providing innovative solutions to address the challenges presented by the unforgiving and expansive realm of outer space. Photonic-based devices, encompassing technologies such as lasers, optical fibers, and photodetectors, are instrumental in various aspects of space missions. A notable application is in communication systems, where optical communication facilitates high-speed data transfer, ensuring efficient transmission of information across vast interplanetary distances. This comprehensive review unveils a selection of the most extensively employed photonic devices within the realm of space exploration.