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In the title complex, [BaCd(C3H2O4)2(H2O)4]n, the BaII atoms, located on crystallographic twofold axes, adopt slightly distorted square-antiprismatic coordination geometries, while the CdII atoms, which lie on crystallographic centres of symmetry, have a distorted octahedral coordination. Each malonate dianion binds two different CdII atoms and two different BaII atoms. This connectivity generates alternating layers along [100] in the structure, with one type containing CdII cations and malonate dianions, while the other is primarily composed of BaII ions and coordinated water molecules. The water molecules also participate in extensive O—H...O hydrogen bonding.