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Ceratocystis canker disease in stone fruit orchards can be prevented or controlled by wise use of mechanical harvesting equipment and by canker surgery. A new mercurial wound dressing developed by University of California researchers has been registered by the USDA for use on bark wounds of almond and prune trees. Recent discoveries concerning the associations between various insects and the fungus, Ceratocystis fimbriata, have helped to explain not only the rapid spread of this disease in orchards, but also the role of soil moisture in its development.