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The MADS-box transcription factors (TFs) are essential in regulating plant growth and development, and conferring abiotic and metal stress resistance. This study aims to investigate <i>GsMAS1</i> function in conferring tolerance to aluminum stress in Arabidopsis. The <i>GsMAS1</i> from the wild soybean BW69 line encodes a MADS-box transcription factor in <i>Glycine soja</i> by bioinformatics analysis. The putative GsMAS1 protein was localized in the nucleus. The <i>GsMAS1</i> gene was rich in soybean roots presenting a constitutive expression pattern and induced by aluminum stress with a concentration-time specific pattern. The analysis of phenotypic observation demonstrated that overexpression of <i>GsMAS1</i> enhanced the tolerance of Arabidopsis plants to aluminum (Al) stress with larger values of relative root length and higher proline accumulation compared to those of wild type at the AlCl₃ treatments. The genes and/or pathways regulated by <i>GsMAS1</i> were further investigated under Al stress by qRT-PCR. The results indicated that six genes resistant to Al stress were upregulated, whereas <i>AtALMT1</i> and <i>STOP2</i> were significantly activated by Al stress and <i>GsMAS1</i> overexpression. After treatment of 50 &#956;M AlCl₃, the RNA abundance of <i>AtALMT1</i> and <i>STOP2</i> went up to 17-fold and 37-fold than those in wild type, respectively. Whereas the RNA transcripts of <i>AtALMT1</i> and <i>STOP2</i> were much higher than those in wild type with over 82% and 67% of relative expression in <i>GsMAS1</i> transgenic plants, respectively. In short, the results suggest that <i>GsMAS1</i> may increase resistance to Al toxicity through certain pathways related to Al stress in Arabidopsis.