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From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod–Crinoid Symbiosis
oleh: Oksana A. Korzhavina, Natalia V. Gubareva, Andrey V. Kitashov, Temir A. Britayev, Viatcheslav N. Ivanenko
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2024-03-01 |
Deskripsi
Crinoids (Echinodermata) exhibit unique morphological and behavioral characteristics that facilitate a wide range of symbiotic relationships with diverse organisms. Our comprehension of their interactions with microscopic copepod crustaceans is, however, still in a nascent and fragmented state. Here, we review and discuss the 166 literature records to date in which a total of 39 copepod species in 6 families have been reported in association with 33 species of the crinoid order Comatulida. Many of these associations have been reported just once. The respective localities cover 5 of the World Ocean’s 12 ecoregions, with a notable concentration of both host and symbiont diversity in the Central and Western Indo-Pacific. In contrast, the documentation of copepod–crinoid associations in the Atlantic appears markedly limited. Copepods have been found predominantly in ectosymbiotic relationships with crinoids, with a lower incidence of endosymbiosis. Copepods of the genera <i>Collocheres</i> Canu, 1893 and <i>Pseudanthessius</i> Claus, 1889 are particularly prominent in the list, and the comatulid family Comatulidae displays the most diverse assortment of copepod associations. The current scope of knowledge encompasses a mere 5% of the potential crinoid host diversity, underscoring the need for more extensive research in this area.