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Thiazole Functionalization of Thiosemicarbazone for Cu(II) Complexation: Moving toward Highly Efficient Anticancer Drugs with Promising Oral Bioavailability
oleh: Song-Yu Luo, Chun-Mei Zeng, Ping Xu, Ye Ning, Meng-Lin Dong, Wen-Hua Zhang, Guangliang Yu
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2024-08-01 |
Deskripsi
In this work, we report the synthesis of a new thiosemicarbazone-based drug of N′-(di(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)-4-(thiazol-2-yl)piperazine-1-carbothiohydrazide (H<b>L</b>) featuring a thiazole spectator for efficient coordination with Cu(II) to give [CuCl(<b>L</b>)]<sub>2</sub> (<b>1</b>) and [Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)(<b>L</b>)]<sub>2</sub> (<b>2</b>). Both <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> exhibit dimeric structures ascribed to the presence of di-2-pyridylketone moieties that demonstrate dual functions of chelation and intermolecular bridging. H<b>L</b>, <b>1</b>, and <b>2</b> are highly toxic against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep-G2, PLC/PRF/5, and HuH-7 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) values as low as 3.26 nmol/mL (H<b>L</b>), 2.18 nmol/mL (<b>1</b>), and 2.54 × 10<sup>−5</sup> nmol/mL (<b>2</b>) for PLC/PRF/5. While the free ligand H<b>L</b> may elicit its anticancer effect via the sequestration of bio-relevant metal ions (i.e., Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup>), <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> are also capable of generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Our preliminary pharmacokinetic studies revealed that oral administration (per os, PO) of H<b>L</b> has a significantly longer half-life <i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub> of 21.61 ± 9.4 h, nearly doubled as compared with that of the intravenous (i.v.) administration of 11.88 ± 1.66 h, certifying H<b>L</b> as an effective chemotherapeutic drug via PO administration.