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The normative framework proposed by Nancy Fraser integrates the politics of redistribution and the recognition of difference. This framework of social justice allows us to analyse social agreements and their institutions to determine to what extent they can guarantee parity in participation, given that the social injustices we suffer are a mixture of economic injustices and their distribution. Based on this theoretical proposal, this article sets out to outline lines of analysis of the extent to which ethnic inequality in Latin America responds to the exclusionary nature of distribution and recognition, and therefore of parity in participation, inherited from the colonial era.