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The article explores the long and productive reception of Leo Tolstoy’s ideas by the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951). The fields of research are the analytical and philosophical, religious, moral/ ethical, political and pedagogical aspects. The author explores in details, why the work of Tolstoy had a decisive influence on the worldview of the foreign thinker, reveals direct impact, and also demonstrates that even contradictions in their ideas, shall be paradoxically explained by the revisionist understanding of Tolstoy’s ideas by Ludwig Wittgenstein.