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Vinegar Production from Corinthian Currants Finishing Side-Stream: Development and Comparison of Methods Based on Immobilized Acetic Acid Bacteria
oleh: Iris Plioni, Argyro Bekatorou, Antonia Terpou, Athanasios Mallouchos, Stavros Plessas, Athanasios A Koutinas, Eleftheria Katechaki
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2021-12-01 |
Deskripsi
Fruit wastes and side-streams can be used for vinegar production to create added value for the agri-food sector and enhance farmer incomes and local economies. In this study, methods for vinegar production by wild and selected acetic acid bacteria (the quick starter <i>Acetobacter aceti</i> and the acid-resistant <i>Komagataeibacter europaeus</i>), free (FC) and immobilized (IC) on a natural cellulosic carrier, are proposed using sweet wine made from the industrial finishing side-stream (FSS) of Corinthian currants as raw material. The results showed all cultures can produce vinegar with 46.65 ± 5.43 g/L acidity, from sweet FSS wine containing 5.08 ± 1.19% alcohol. The effect of immobilization was more obvious in the case of the selected culture, presenting better acetification efficiency, both fresh and after cold storage for 2 months. The vinegars had an antioxidant capacity of 263.5 ± 8.4 and 277.1 ± 6.7 mg/L (as ascorbic acid) and phenolic content 333.1 ± 12.0 and 222.2 ± 2.9 mg/L (as gallic acid) (for FC and IC, respectively). They also had a rich volatilome (140 compounds identified by SPME GC-MS), with higher percentages of esters identified in vinegars made by IC. The results are encouraging for vinegar production with IC of a mixed <i>A. aceti</i> and <i>K. europaeus</i> culture.