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The geological storage of CO₂ is a critical technique for reducing emissions, which significantly contributes to the mitigation of the greenhouse effect. Currently, CO₂ is often geologically stored in coal seams, hydrocarbon reservoirs, and saline aquifers in order to store CO₂ and improve the oil and gas recovery simultaneously. Shale formations, as candidates for CO₂ storage, are drawing more attention because of their rich volumes. CO₂ storage through shale formations in the Sichuan Basin, China, has tremendous potential because of the readily available CO₂ injection equipment, such as abandoned shale gas wells. Therefore, we review the potential of using these wells to store CO₂ in this paper. Firstly, we review the status of the geological storage of CO₂ and discuss the features and filed applications for the most studied storage techniques. Secondly, we investigate the formation properties, shale gas field development process, and characteristics of the abandoned wells in the Sichuan Basin. Additionally, after carefully studying the mechanism and theoretical storage capacity, we evaluate the potential of using these abandoned wells to store CO₂. Lastly, recommendations are proposed based on the current technologies and government policies. We hope this paper may provide some insights into the development of geological CO₂ storage using unconventional reservoirs.