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<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The rice blast disease caused by <it>Magnaporthe oryzae </it>is a major constraint on world rice production. The conidia produced by this fungal pathogen are the main source of disease dissemination. The morphology of conidia may be a critical factor in the spore dispersal and virulence of <it>M. oryzae </it>in the field. Deletion of a conidial morphology regulating gene encoding putative transcriptional regulator COM1 in <it>M. oryzae </it>resulted in aberrant conidial shape, reduced conidiation and attenuated virulence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/matrix assisted laser desorption ionization- time of flight mass spectrometry (2-DE/MALDI-TOF MS) based proteomics approach was employed to identify the cellular and molecular components regulated by the COM1 protein (COM1p) that might contribute to the aberrant phenotypes in <it>M. oryzae</it>. By comparing the conidial proteomes of <it>COM1 </it>deletion mutant and its isogenic wild-type strain P131, we identified a potpourri of 31 proteins that exhibited statistically significant alterations in their abundance levels. Of these differentially regulated proteins, the abundance levels of nine proteins were elevated and twelve were reduced in the Δ<it>com1 </it>mutant. Three proteins were detected only in the Δ<it>com1 </it>conidial proteome, whereas seven proteins were apparently undetectable. The data obtained in the study suggest that the COM1p plays a key role in transcriptional reprogramming of genes implicated in melanin biosynthesis, carbon and energy metabolism, structural organization of cell, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, etc. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed the down-regulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in melanin biosynthesis in the <it>COM1 </it>mutant.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that the COM1p may regulate the transcription of genes involved in various cellular processes indispensable for conidial development and appressorial penetration. These functions are likely to contribute to the effects of COM1p upon the aberrant phenotypes of <it>M. oryzae</it>.</p> <p>Reviewers</p> <p>This article is reviewed by George V. Shpakovski, Karthikeyan Sivaraman (nominated by M. Madan Babu) and Lakshminarayan M. Iyer.</p>