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Many Arthrinium species have been found on bamboo in Asia and are endophytes, saprobes and important plant pathogens. Arthrinium currently contains 92 species, they are widely distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania and South America.In this study, a novel species, Arthrinium bambusicola sp. nov. is introduced and illustrated. The new taxon is characterized by oval to broadly round, or irregularly round, medium brown, multi-guttulate to roughened, granular conidia, with finely pale slits in the outer edges. Arthrinium bambusicola can be distinguished from the closest related species A. gutiae by its conidial characteristics. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined LSU, ITS, TEF1-α and TUB2 dataset confirmed that A. bambusicola is a distinct new species.