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<i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> is a cause of bronchopneumonia, mastitis and arthritis but may also affect other main organs in cattle such us the eye, ear or brain. Despite its non-zoonotic character, <i>M. bovis</i> infections are responsible for substantial economic health and welfare problems worldwide. <i>M. bovis</i> has spread worldwide, including to countries for a long time considered free of the pathogen. Control of <i>M. bovis</i> infections is hampered by a lack of effective vaccines and treatments due to increasing trends in antimicrobial resistance. This review summarizes the latest data on the epizootic situation of <i>M. bovis</i> infections and new sources/routes of transmission of the infection, and discusses the progress in diagnostics. The review includes various recommendations and suggestions which could be applied to infection control programs.