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AIM: To investigate the effect and complication of sodium hyaluronate combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation on neovascular glaucoma(NVG).<p>METHODS: This was a retrospective observational case series. Forty-nine patients(49 eyes)with NVG in our hospital from 2009 to 2011 were randomly divided into two groups according to the odd-even of medical record number. Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation proceeded separately in control group, while in control group combined with 0.2-0.3mL sodium hyaluronate, regularly follow-up after operation at 1mo, comparing the complications such as postoperative intraocular pressure(IOP), the changes of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), the hemorrhage of shallow anterior chamber, hyphema and choroidal detachment, <i>etc.</i> IOP before and after operation between the two groups was examined by independent sample test(non-normal distribution), the complications were compared by <i>χ</i>² text.<p>RESULTS: Postoperative follow-up time was 1mo. IOP in research group was declined from 42.8±5.56mmHg preoperatively to 17.7±3.77mmHg, IOP in control group was declined from 42.5±5.36mmHg preoperatively to 18.6±5.39mmHg. Postoperative complications: shallow anterior chamber occurred in 2 patients(2 eyes)in research group and 4 patients(4 eyes)in control group. Hyphema occurred in 1 patient(1 eye)in research group and in 5 patients(5 eyes)in control group. Poor location of the anterior chamber silicone tube occurred in 1 patient in research group.<p>CONCLUSION:Sodium hyaluronate combined with Ahmed glaucom avalve can effectively reduce IOP in patients with NVG and decrease the postoperative hyphema, which will lead to short-term increasing IOP in patients after operation, but had no significant effect in the long run.