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Previous studies show that nutritional interventions with anti-oxidants have various health-promoting effects in several model organisms. Here, we examine the effects of S-allyl cysteine on resistance to environmental stressors and age-related physiological changes using C. elegans as a model system. S-allyl cysteine is a modified amino acid found in aged garlic extracts and known to have strong antioxidant activity. The survival of worms under oxidative-stress conditions significantly increased with supplementation of S-allyl cysteine. In addition, pre-treatment of S-allyl cysteine significantly increased resistance to both heat stress and ultraviolet irradiation. However, lifespan was not affected by S-allyl cysteine treatment. We also examined the effect of S-allyl cysteine on motility of C. elegans and found that S-allyl cysteine can retard the age-related decline of muscle tissue locomotive activity. S-allyl cysteine also significantly suppressed amyloid β-induced paralysis in Alzheimer's disease model animals. Taken together, our study indicates that dietary supplementation of S-allyl cysteine can improve health span and suggests that S-allyl cysteine can be used to develop novel health-promoting pharmaceuticals.