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Optimization of Bio-Foamed Concrete Brick Strength via Bacteria Based Self-Healing and Bio-Sequestration of CO<sub>2</sub>
oleh: Abdullah Faisal Alshalif, J. M. Irwan, Husnul Azan Tajarudin, N. Othman, A. A. Al-Gheethi, S. Shamsudin, Wahid Ali Hamood Altowayti, Saddam Abo Sabah
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2021-08-01 |
Deskripsi
This research aimed to optimize the compressive strength of bio-foamed concrete brick (B-FCB) via a combination of the natural sequestration of CO<sub>2</sub> and the bio-reaction of <i>B. tequilensis</i> enzymes. The experiments were guided by two optimization methods, namely, 2<sup>k</sup> factorial and response surface methodology (RSM). The 2<sup>k</sup> factorial analysis was carried out to screen the important factors; then, RSM analysis was performed to optimize the compressive strength of B-FCB. Four factors, namely, density (D), <i>B. tequilensis</i> concentration (B), temperature (T), and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, were selectively varied during the study. The optimum compressive strength of B-FCB was 8.22 MPa, as deduced from the following conditions: 10% CO<sub>2</sub>, 3 × 10<sup>7</sup> cell/mL of B, 27 °C of T and 1800 kg/m<sup>3</sup> of D after 28 days. The use of <i>B. tequilensis</i> in B-FCB improved the compressive strength by 35.5% compared to the foamed concrete brick (FCB) after 28 days. A microstructure analysis by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) reflected the changes in chemical element levels and calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) precipitation in the B-FCB pores. This was due to the <i>B. tequilensis</i> surface reactions of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and urease enzyme with calcium in cement and sequestered CO<sub>2</sub> during the curing time.