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Antimicrobial effect of chlorine dioxide on Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in diabetes mellitus rats treated with insulin
oleh: Tantin Ermawati, Kwartarini Murdiastuti
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | Universitas Airlangga 2012-03-01 |
Deskripsi
<p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues. Etiology of periodontal disease includes </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) which is the most predominant disease-causing bacteria found </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>in the gingival sulcus. Periodontitis can be exacerbated by the systemic disease, such as diabetes mellitus considered as a metabolic </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency. Treatment of periodontitis is then required in patients with type I </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>diabetes to avoid radical reaction that can not only cause bleeding, but can also prevent infection, as a result, topical antimicrobial </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>therapy and blood glucose control are required. Topical antimicrobial chlorine dioxide is a disinfectant that is effective in killing A. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>actinomycetemcomitans. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Purpose: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>This study is aimed to determine the effects of topical antimicrobial chlorine dioxide gel or rinse on </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>the number of A. actinomycetemcomitans in DM rats treated with insulin. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Methods: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>20 three month old male Wistar rats with weight of </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>170–200 grams were divided into four groups. First, periodontitis and DM were manipulated into all groups through aloksan injection </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>with dose of 170 mg/kg. Those rats in group I were treated with insulin and chlorine dioxide gel, those in group II were treated with </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>insulin and chlorine dioxide rinse, those in group III were treated with insulin only, and those in group IV were without treatment. In </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>the third and seventh weeks, the number of A. actinomycetemcomitans was measured. The data was tested by using One-Way ANOVA </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>test followed by LSD test. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Results: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>The study showed that chlorine dioxide gel has a greater ability in reducing the number of A. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>actinomycetemcomitans than chlorine dioxide rinse although both are antimicrobials. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>It can be concluded that the use of </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>chlorine dioxide gel can more effective to decrease the number of A. actinomycetemcomitans than chlorine dioxide rinse in DM rats </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>treated with insulin therapy.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Latar belakang: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Periodontitis adalah suatu penyakit inflamasi kronis jaringan periodontal. Etiologi penyakit periodontal </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>diantaranya adalah A. actinomycetemcomitans yang merupakan bakteri paling dominan penyebab penyakit yang terdapat pada actinomycetemcomitans yang merupakan bakteri paling dominan penyebab penyakit yang terdapat pada </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>sulkus gingiva. Periodontitis yang terjadi diperparah adanya penyakit sistemik yaitu diabetes mellitus (DM) yang merupakan penyakit </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemi akibat defisiensi insulin. Perawatan periodontitis pada penderita DM tipe I adalah untuk Perawatan periodontitis pada penderita DM tipe I adalah untuk </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>menghindari tindakan radikal yang dapat menyebabkan perdarahan dan mencegah terjadinya infeksi, sehingga digunakan terapi </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>antimikroba topikal serta kontrol glukosa darah. Antimikroba topikal chlorine dioxide merupakan desinfektan yang efektif dalam </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>membunuh A. actinomycetemcomitans. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Tujuan: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antimikroba topikal chlorine dioxide </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>gel atau rinse terhadap jumlah A. actinomycetemcomitans pada tikus DM dengan insulin. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Metode: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Dua puluh ekor tikus Wistar, jantan, </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>usia 3 bulan, berat 170–200 gram, dibagi menjadi empat kelompok. Semua kelompok sebelumnya dimanipulasi periodontitis serta DM </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dengan injeksi aloksan dosis 170 mg/kgBB. Kelompok I adalah tikus yang diterapi insulin dan chlorine dioxide gel, kelompok II diterapi </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>insulin dan chlorine dioxide rinse, kelompok III diterapi insulin, serta kelompok IV adalah tikus tanpa dilakukan terapi apapun. Pada </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>minggu ke-3 dan ke-7 dilakukan penghitungan jumlah A. actinomycetemcomitans. Hasil pengukuran di analisis menggunakan uji Anava </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>1 jalur dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Hasil: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa chlorine dioxide gel mempunyai kemampuan lebih besar </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dalam menurunkan jumlah A. actinomycetemcomitans dibandingkan chlorine dioxide rinse, walaupun keduanya bersifat antimikroba.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Kesimpulan: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian chlorine dioxide gel lebih efektif menurunkan jumlah A. actinomycetemcomitans </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dibandingkan kelompok yang diberi chlorine dioxide rinse pada tikus DM dengan terapi insulin.</em></span></span></span><br /></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>