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Visualizing the electron’s quantization with a ruler
oleh: Javier Tello Marmolejo, Mitzi Urquiza-González, Oscar Isaksson, Andreas Johansson, Ricardo Méndez-Fragoso, Dag Hanstorp
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | Nature Portfolio 2021-05-01 |
Deskripsi
Abstract More than 100 years ago, Robert Millikan demonstrated the quantization of the electron using charged, falling droplets, but the statistical analysis on many falling droplets did not allow a direct visualization of the quantization of charge. Instead of letting the droplets fall, we have used optical levitation to create a single droplet version of Millikan’s experiment where the effects of a single electron removal can be observed by the naked eye and measured with a ruler. As we added charges to the levitated droplet, we observed that its equilibrium position jumped vertically in quantized steps. The discrete nature of the droplet’s jumps is a direct consequence of the single-electron changes in the charge on the droplet, and therefore clearly demonstrates the quantization of charge. The steps were optically magnified onto a wall and filmed. We anticipate that the video of these single electron additions can become a straightforward demonstration of the quantization of charge for a general audience.