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Temperature-Aware Adaptive Control for Automotive Front-Lighting System
oleh: Jiseong Lee, Seung Soo Kwak, Yong Sin Kim
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | IEEE 2022-01-01 |
Deskripsi
Adaptive front-lighting systems (AFSs) have been widely adopted to automotive industries for providing higher driver’s safety. As their light sources, multi-string light-emitting diodes (LED) arrays have been widely adopted because of their simpler driver controls. Recently, micro-structured AFSs (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>AFSs) with a micro-LED (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED) array are highly demanded for their controllability of individual LEDs. However, the integration of a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED array and its high-power active-matrix driver are not available on the market. Moreover, a high-power driver causes not only a significant variation in driving current, but also a higher power density requiring over-temperature protection (OTP). In this paper, the average current through each <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED is adaptively controlled with pulse width modulation (PWM) in conjunction with an additional PWM control for temperature calibration. Experimental results with a 16 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 16\,\,\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED array placed on top of the proposed driver show that a 5-bit PWM signal controls the average current through each <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>LED cell up to 11 mA. The maximum current error of 4.11% at 100 °C is reduced to 0.23%. When OTP is enabled, the amount of average pixel current reduction depends on the given temperature. The maximum power efficiency of the proposed <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>AFSs driver is as high as 92.3%.