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Litter layers and topsoil have important effects on surface runoff. To investigate these effects at the plot scale, artificial rainfall experiments were conducted on micro-runoff plots in Guizhou Province, China. Three types of plots were selected, the thin litter layer with low soil bulk density type (T-L type), the thick litter layer with high soil bulk density type (T-H type), and the moderate litter depth and soil bulk density type (M type), and three artificial rainfall intensities (30 mm/h, 70 mm/h, 120 mm/h) were used. The runoff volume was largest in the T-H type plot at different rainfall intensities and durations. Runoff in the M type plot had characteristics of both the T-L and T-H type plots. The runoff yielding speed was significantly higher and the runoff yielding time was significantly lower in the T-H type plot. In general, the runoff coefficient was the smallest in the T-L type plot and largest in the T-H type plot. The variations in the runoff coefficient were 15.6%, 19.3%, and 5.8% for the T-L, T-H, and M type plots respectively. The results of this study can improve the understanding of surface runoff processes at the plot scale under different litter and surface soil conditions.