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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive and malignant tumor of the nasopharynx, the uppermost region of the pharynx, gravitating toward Southeast Asia, especially Vietnam. The etiology of NPC is suggested to be involved to several genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. miRNAs (microRNA), the short non-coding RNA molecular, have been reported that played important roles, as oncogene and/or tumor suppressor gene, in progression and development of NPC. In this review, we summarized the role of miRNAs in NPC and their potential use as biomarkers for early prognosis and diagnosis of NPC as well as therapeutic agent of NPC in future.