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Detection of uric acid is crucial for real-time monitoring of human health. In this work, a method of portable scanner-based quantitative detection of uric acid with a smartphone was developed, meanwhile, a filter paper chip was designed and fabricated for the detection process, which provides an on-site, fast, and accurate measurement of the uric acid in human blood serum. The limit of detection was 0.8 mg/dL, and the detection results of human serum samples showed good agreement between the spectrophotometric method and the proposed one. This method does not require complex operations or expensive instruments, which is suitable for resource-limited areas, users’ home, as well as on-site detection, with wide applications and broad market prospects.