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This study aimed to identify the clinical-epidemiological aspects of children and adolescents receiving hemodialysis and was undertaken through a documental investigation. The hospital records of all the patients who received hemodialysis in a pediatric hospital in the state of Paraná, Brazil, in January 2013 were analyzed, using a semistructured script for recording information relating to the clinical-epidemiological variables. The results of the analysis of 22 hospital records indicated a homogenous distribution between the sexes, with 59.1% aged between 11 and 15 years old, 86.1% having received hemodialysis for up to two years, and 59.1% with the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as the vascular access. The most prevalent causes for Chronic Kidney Disease were congenital anomalies of the urinary tract (45.5%) and systemic hypertension (31.8%). The results allow the specification and directing of preventive, nursing and health actions.