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The transplantation of various immune cell types are promising approaches for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Major limitation of these so-called <i>Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs)</i> is the ischemic microenvironment affecting cell homeostasis and limiting the demanded effect of the transplanted cell products. Accordingly, different clinical and experimental strategies have been evolved to overcome these obstacles. Here, we give a short review of the different experimental and clinical strategies to solve these issues due to ischemic cardiovascular disease.