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The species of <i>Gymnopilus</i> (Hymenogastraceae, Agricales) are commonly recognized as wood-decaying fungi. Certain members of this genus have been identified as psilocybin-producing mushrooms. <i>Gymnopilus</i> exhibits a diverse range and has a global distribution. In this study, a total of seventy-eight specimens were gathered from ten provinces in China. A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted, employing gene sequences including ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, <i>rpb1</i>, <i>rpb2</i>, and <i>tef1-α</i>. Additionally, morphological examinations were also carried out. The phylogenetic topology of <i>Gymnopilus</i> from this study generally agreed with previous studies and facilitated the identification of all those specimens. As a result, eleven species, including five newly discovered ones named <i>Gy. gyirongensis</i>, <i>Gy. variisporus</i>, <i>Gy. tomentosiceps</i>, <i>Gy. tenuibasidialis</i>, and <i>Gy. aurantipileatus</i>, were recognized. Significantly, four of the five newly identified species are native to the Xizang Autonomous Region, emphasizing their specialization in this distinctive habitat. This research contributes to our comprehension of <i>Gymnopilus</i> diversity and lays the groundwork for the conservation and sustainable utilization of <i>Gymnopilus</i> resources.