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Postbiotics are dead bacteria without vital signs and their metabolites. Since many substances in postbiotics are still biologically active and are safer and more stable than probiotics, they are widely used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In recent years, many studies have shown that postbiotics can ameliorate obesity by regulating lipid metabolism, which are expected to be a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity. This article introduces the harms and possible pathogenesis of obesity, illustrates the potential mechanism by which postbiotics regulate diseases, and reviews the role of postbiotic bacteria and their metabolites in obesity regulation. This article is expected to provide references for future research on the application of postbiotics in obesity management.