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<b>Background</b>: This study investigated the contact between adult dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and carbamide peroxide (CP), a bleaching agent that is a popular choice for at-home whitening products, using an in vitro model. <b>Objectives</b>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of exposure to different concentrations and timings of a commonly used peroxide-based home tooth-whitening product on DPSCs. <b>Materials and methods</b>: Human DPSCs obtained from impacted third molars were cultured and exposed to various concentrations of carbamide peroxide (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%). The effects of CP on DPSC proliferation and apoptosis were investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry. Migration was investigated by micrographs of wound healing. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IL-6 and IL-8) was used to investigate the CP-stimulated cytokine production of DPSCs. Each experiment was performed three times with independent batches of DPSCs. Statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using one-way and two-way ANOVAs with the significance threshold set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison test was used to identify differences between groups. <b>Results</b>: Cell viability and adherence were lower in the CP-exposed cells compared to the non-stimulated cells, probably due to increased cell death (** <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01, **** <i>p</i> ≤ 0.0001). CP-stimulated DPSCs exhibited a dose-dependent release of IL-6 and IL-8 (**** <i>p</i> ≤ 0.0001). CP did not affect wound healing at any concentration tested. <b>Conclusions</b>: Human DPSCs were able to sense CP. Consequently, CP contributed significantly to cell apoptosis and local inflammatory responses through cytokine release.