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4R stewardship-based potassium application to enhance iron, zinc, and copper nutrient levels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
oleh: Shanmugam Vijayakumar, Dinesh Kumar, Yashbir Singh Shivay, Dinesh Kumar Sharma, Thirumalai Varatharajan
Format: | Article |
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Diterbitkan: | Maximum Academic Press 2024-01-01 |
Deskripsi
Micronutrient deficiencies like iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are widespread in humans. Unfortunately, these micronutrients are also deficient in major parts of Indian soil. As wheat is a staple food for more than 50% of India's population, enriching wheat grain with these micronutrients can help alleviate these deficiencies in humans. Therefore, two-year field experiments were conducted at the ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the impact of 4R stewardship-based potassium (K) fertilization on wheat uptake and translocation of Zn, Fe, and Cu. The results revealed that the K application rate, method, and timing significantly influenced Zn, Fe, and Cu uptake and translocation. In contrast, the source of K fertilizer had a nonsignificant effect. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Zn in the grain improved with increasing K application rates up to 48 kg K/ha, after which a nonsignificant effect was detected. Two split applications of 48 kg K/ha resulted in higher grain nutrient concentrations (Zn: 38.2 mg/kg, Fe: 110 mg/kg, Cu: 9.0 mg/kg) than did basal application (Zn: 37.6 mg/kg, Fe: 105 mg/kg, Cu: 8.8 mg/kg). The Zn (52.3%−57.4%), Fe (21%−26.5%), and Cu (27.5%−31.3%) harvest indices under two split applications of 48 kg K/ha revealed that more than 50%, 25%, and 33%, respectively, of the absorbed Zn, Fe, and Cu was remobilized to the grain. However, the basal application of 48 kg K/ha and no K application significantly reduced the translocation of Zn, Fe, and Cu to the grain.