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Construction of a suitable hybrid structure has been considered an important approach to address the defects of metal sulfide anode materials. V₃S₄ nanosheets anchored on an N, S co-coped graphene (VS/NSG) aerogel were successfully fabricated by an efficient self-assembled strategy. During the heat treatment process, decomposition, sulfuration and N, S co-doping occurred. This hybrid structure was not only endowed with an enhanced capability to buffer the volume expansion, but also improved electron conductivity as a result of the conductive network that had been constructed. The dominating pseudocapacitive contribution (57.78% at 1 mV s^−1) enhanced the electrochemical performance effectively. When serving as anode material for lithium ion batteries, VS/NSG exhibits excellent lithium storage properties, including high rate capacity (480 and 330 mAh g^−1 at 5 and 10 A g^−1, respectively) and stable cyclic performance (692 mAh g^−1 after 400 cycles at 2 A g^−1).