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Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UDP-GTs, UGTs), which are regulated by <i>UGT</i> genes, play a crucial role in glycosylation. In vivo, the activity of <i>UGT</i> genes can affect the availability of metabolites and the rate at which they can be eliminated from the body. <i>UGT</i> genes can exert their regulatory effects through mechanisms such as post-transcriptional modification, substrate subtype specificity, and drug interactions. <i>Phoebe bournei</i> is an economically significant tree species that is endemic to southern China. Despite extensive studies on the <i>UGT</i> gene family in various species, a comprehensive investigation of the <i>UGT</i> family in <i>P</i>. <i>bournei</i> has not been reported. Therefore, we conducted a systematic analysis to identify 156 <i>UGT</i> genes within the entire <i>P</i>. <i>bournei</i> genome, all of which contained the PSPG box. The <i>PbUGT</i> family consists of 14 subfamilies, consistent with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. We observed varying expression levels of <i>PbUGT</i> genes across different tissues in <i>P</i>. <i>bournei</i>, with the following average expression hierarchy: leaf > stem xylem > stem bark > root xylem > root bark. Covariance analysis revealed stronger covariance between <i>P</i>. <i>bournei</i> and closely related species. In addition, we stressed the seedlings with 10% NaCl and 10% PEG-6000. The <i>PbUGT</i> genes exhibited differential expression under drought and salt stresses, with specific expression patterns observed under each stress condition. Our findings shed light on the transcriptional response of <i>PbUGT</i> factors to drought and salt stresses, thereby establishing a foundation for future investigations into the role of <i>PbUGT</i> transcription factors.