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The surgical treatment of Chiari malformation (CM) began in 1932. With the advance of medical technology, the surgical technique of CM is also in constant improvement. But due to its pathogenesis has not yet clear, there is no accepted optimal method, and different levels of the operation is still controversial. The author reviewed the concept, pathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical treatment of CM. The hot topics and new technological application were also reviewed in this article. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.04.004