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The relevance of the study is due to the need for a comparative analysis of the establishment of think tanks in the United States and the People’s Republic of China. In this regard, this article aims to identify the main factors influencing the quality of think tanks, disclosure of universal methods of modernization and quality control of think tanks around the world, description of the main aspects of establishing think tanks, predict and justify possible consequences of think tanks in the paradigm of different political regimes for local political systems, citizens of the country and the international community as a whole. The leading method in this study is systems analysis, which can be used to carry out a comparative analysis of the establishment of Chinese and American think tanks. Also in the process of writing this article were used such research methods as: the method of logical analysis, comparative method, methods of synthesis and deduction, the method of classification. The article presents the results of the analysis, reveals the main factors influencing the quality of think tanks, identifies universal methods of modernization and quality control of think tanks around the world, describes the main aspects of founding think tanks, predicted and justified the possible consequences of think tanks in the paradigm of different political regimes for local political systems, citizens of the country and the international community as a whole; the results are presented in the form of tables and figures. The materials of the article are of practical value for teachers and students of higher educational institutions in the field of sociology and analytics and politicians