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Recent studies have identified a trend toward cognitive decline and even progression to dementia in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most important subtype of dementia. In reviewing the correlation between cognitive impairment due to MetS and development of AD in previous studies, this paper highlights the growing body of data that supports MetS as a whole as well as its components of hypertension and hyperglycemia as risk factors for AD, whereas insulin resistance, neurologic chronic inflammation, and adipokine disorders play important roles in the pathogenesis. Since there are now no viable treatment alternatives available to stop or reverse the degenerative progression of AD, it is expected to provide scientific evidence for a comprehensive strategy for early prevention and treatment of AD by targeting relatively curable MetS for intervention.