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Priority conservation areas are the key areas of biodiversity maintenance and ecosystem conservation. Based on a Maxent model, this study predicted the potential distribution of <i>Pseudotsuga sinensis</i> under the current climate and future climate change scenarios in Guizhou province, and then, assessed three kinds of priority conservation area under climate change. The results were as follows: (1) The AUC (Area Under the Curve) values showed excellent prediction accuracy of the model. (2) The areas of the potential habitats of <i>P. sinensis</i> forests under the current climate and future climate change scenarios were 22,062.85 km² and 18,395.92 km², respectively. As for their spatial distribution, the potential habitats of <i>P. sinensis</i> forests were distributed in the Bijie, Zunyi, Tongren, Liupanshui and Xingyi regions under the current climate, and in the Kaili region, in addition to the above-mentioned cities, under future climate change scenarios. (3) The total area of priority conservation areas under climate change was 25,350.26 km². The area of the predicted sustainable potential habitats was 15,075.96 km², of the vulnerable potential habitats was 7256.59 km² and of the derivative potential habitats was 3017.71 km².