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YKL-40 has been demonstrated to be related to atherosclerosis, but its role in predicting plaque status and the outcome of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) caused by CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori remains unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the role of YKL-40 in predicting the outcome of carotid atherosclerosis with CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori infection.The serum concentrations of YKL-40, C-reaction protein in 310 patients undergoing color Duplex assessment of carotid atherosclerosis were recorded and divided into 3 groups according to the infectious statuses of helicobacter pylori. We also examined serum YKL-40, C-reaction protein and the plaque morphology in animal model of carotid atherosclerosis with different types of helicobacter pylori infection.Overexpression of YKL-40 was only found in carotid atherosclerosis group with CagA-positive helicobacter pylori infection; C-reaction protein failed to distinguish different infectious statuses of helicobacter pylori infection. In patients with CagA-positive helicobacter pylori infection, elevated YKL-40 expression was accompanied by more severe clinical symptoms. We also confirmed similar findings in rabbit model of carotid atherosclerosis with CagA-positive helicobacter pylori infection. We found that in 7 rabbits treated with anti-helicobacter pylori therapy, the serum YKL-40 level decreased and the plaque became more stable.Our findings suggested that increased serum YKL-40 level indicates plaque instability and more severe clinical symptoms of carotid atherosclerosis with CagA-positive helicobacter pylori infection. Compared with C-reaction protein, YKL-40 seems to be a more specific predictor of plaque status and outcome of carotid atherosclerosis with CagA-positive helicobacter pylori infection.