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Pseudo-Polymorphism in 2-Pyridylmethoxy Cone Derivatives of <i>p-tert</i>-butylcalix[4]arene and <i>p-tert</i>-butylhomooxacalix[n]arenes
oleh: Siddharth Joshi, Neal Hickey, Paula M. Marcos, Silvano Geremia
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | MDPI AG 2024-04-01 |
Deskripsi
This paper investigates pseudo-polymorphism in 2-pyridylmethoxy derivatives of <i>p-tert</i>-butylcalix[4]arene (<b>PyC4</b>), <i>p-tert</i>-butyldihomooxa-calix[4]arenes (<b>PyHOC4</b>), and <i>p-tert</i>-butylhexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes (<b>PyHO3C3</b>), presenting 11 crystal structures with 15 crystallographically independent molecules. The macrocycle of <b>PyC4</b> is smaller and less flexible with respect to those of <b>PyHOC4</b> and <b>PyHO3C3,</b> and in solution, the cone conformation of these three molecules exhibits different point symmetries: C<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>s</sub>, and C<sub>3</sub>, respectively. A correlation is observed between the macrocycle’s structural rigidity and the number of pseudo-polymorphs formed. The more rigid <b>PyC4</b> displays a higher number (six) of pseudo-polymorphs compared to <b>PyHOC4</b> and <b>PyHO3C3</b>, which exhibit a smaller number of crystalline forms (three and two, respectively). The X-ray structures obtained show that the conformation of the macrorings is primarily influenced by the presence of an acetonitrile guest molecule within the cavity, with limited impact from crystal packing and intermolecular co-crystallized solvent molecules. Notably, both calix[4]arene derivatives produce a host–guest complex with acetonitrile, while the most flexible and less aromatic <b>PyHO3C3</b> does not give crystals with acetonitrile as the guest. Intertwined 1D and 2D solvent channel networks were observed in the <b>PyHOC4-hexane</b> and in the <b>PyHO3C3-H<sub>2</sub>O-MeOH</b> crystal structures, respectively, while the other pseudopolymorphs of <b>PyHOC4</b> and <b>PyHO3C3</b> and all <b>PyC4</b> crystal forms exhibit closely packed crystal structures without open channels.