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Herein, carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite fabricated by a lowtemperature hydrothermal method was used for methylene blue and arsenate treatment in aqueous solution. The Langmuir model fits the experimental data with a calculated maximum adsorption capacity of 110.63 and 2.31 mg g-1 for methylene blue and arsenate adsorption, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms of methylene blue as well as arsenate are physical adsorption and a combination of physical adsorption and chemisorption, respectively. Gibbs energy change with negative values indicates that methylene blue and arsenate adsorption on magnetic materials occurs naturally. This research demonstrated a simple, efficient, and reliable method for removing methylene blue and arsenate.