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<i>Sciadopitys verticillata</i> (<i>Sv</i>) produces a white, sticky, latex-like resin with antimicrobial properties. The aims of this research were to evaluate the effects of this resin (<i>Sv</i> resin) on bacterial populations and to determine the impact of its primary volatile components on bioactivity. The impact of sample treatment on chemical composition of <i>Sv</i> resin was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) coupled with principal component analysis. The presence and concentration of volatiles in lyophilized resin were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Changes in bacterial population counts due to treatment with resin or its primary volatile components were monitored. Autoclaving of the samples did not affect the FTIR spectra of Sv resin; however, lyophilization altered spectra, mainly in the CH and C=O regions. Three primary bioactive compounds that constituted &gt;90% of volatiles (1R-&#945;-pinene, tricyclene, and &#946;-pinene) were identified in <i>Sv</i> resin. Autoclaved resin impacted bacterial growth. The resin was stimulatory for some plant and foodborne pathogens (<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>, <i>P. syringae</i>, and <i>Xanthomonas perforans</i>) and antimicrobial for others (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>, and <i>Erwinia amylovora</i>). Treatment with either 1R-&#945;-pinene or &#946;-pinene reduced <i>B. cereus</i> population growth less than did autoclaved resin. The complex resin likely contains additional antimicrobial compounds that act synergistically to inhibit bacterial growth.