Find in Library
Search millions of books, articles, and more
Indexed Open Access Databases
Optimal Sizing and Control of a PV-EV-BES Charging System Including Primary Frequency Control and Component Degradation
oleh: Wiljan Vermeer, Gautham Ram Chandra Mouli, Pavol Bauer
| Format: | Article |
|---|---|
| Diterbitkan: | IEEE 2022-01-01 |
Deskripsi
This paper proposes a method for optimally dimensioning the components of a prosumer energy management system that integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, multiple bidirectional electric vehicle chargers, an inverter, and a battery energy storage charger. Besides optimally dimensioning the components, it also optimizes power management while integrating the frequency containment reserve market and Li-ion battery degradation. The results show that the integration of the frequency containment reserve (FCR) market can increase lifetime cost savings by 36%, compared to optimal power management alone and up to 460% compared to non-optimal power management. Furthermore, the effects of PV and battery energy storage (BES) degradation on reservable capacity are analyzed including the importance of battery second-life value on lifetime net present cost is investigated.