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The immune function of HIV infected patients is severely damaged, which can cause a series of autoimmune related diseases including hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism includes both primary and secondary hyperthyroidism. Graves' disease is the most common primary hyperthyroidism, and Graves' disease may occur in HIV patients during immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy A 47-year-old woman with a history of HIV presented with symptoms related to hyperthyroidism. After antithyroid drug therapy failed, the patient and her families opted for surgical treatment. Postoperative examination revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma.