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Objective: To investigate the etiology and other factor in development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Bangladesh. Method: Data from past studies were compared with our data to assess the etiology and other factor in development of HCC. Mainly four studies were compared which were done in different time. Ultrasonography was principle modality of primary diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology was done in all cases to have tissue diagnosis. Results: Previous studies demonstrate hepatitis B in at least 46.9% cases. Recent studies demonstrate at least 61% association of HCC with hepatitis B infection. Our data which include 39 patients (M: F = 29: 10, Age 22–75 years, mean 51 year) demonstrate HBsAg positivity was present in 16 (41%), Anti HCV positivity in 2 (5%), both negativity in 8 (20.5%) and secondary carcinoma in 13 (33.3%) cases. If only primary HCC is considered then hepatitis B virus (HBV) related HCC constituted 61.5%. Alpha feto-protein was > 350 ng/mL in 11 out of 26 cases (42.3%). Conclusions: Though the study populations are small, they reflect that the prevalence of HBV related HCC correlates with the existing prevalence of HBsAg positivity in general population. Also the etiology has not changed over years and prevalence of hepatitis B related HCC is more or less a static as compared with previous studies.