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Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart disease associated with cardiac dysfunction. Adiponectin is an abundant protein produced by adipocytes that regulates metabolism and inflammation in the body. Studies have reported a link between AF and circulatory adipokines. The objective of the study is to investigate the associations between adiponectin serum level and the ADIPOQ rs1501299 (276G/T) SNP with AF. Methods: The study included a total of 112 AF cases and 112 matched healthy controls. Serum adiponectin was analyzed using an ELISA assay. Genotyping of rs1501299 was performed using PCR-RFLP technique. Results: The results showed that the level of adiponectin in the serum was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in AF group versus the controls. When the sample was stratified by sex, the magnitude of increases in adiponectin levels among female AF patients (87.6%) was higher than that of male patients (33.2%). Multivariate regression model showed that gender was related to adiponectin levels among the patient group (P < 0.001). In sex-specific multivariate regression, adiponectin was associated with BMI in female patients (P < 0.05) and with glucose blood level among male patients (P < 0.05). Finally, the study showed no association between ADIPOQ rs1501299 SNP and AF (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results confirmed the relationship between blood adiponectin and AF. However, the polymorphism of the ADIPOQ rs1501299 gene may not be associated with AF in the population studied.