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In the process of cultivating field engineers and vocational education in colleges and universities, there are such realistic dilemmas as the imperfect collaborative education platform and the urgent need to reconstruct the whole process of integrated education in the curriculum system. This paper explores the talent cultivation path of field engineers from the realistic dilemma of field engineer cultivation and designs the field engineer curriculum system based on the integration of industry and education and school-enterprise cooperation. Then, construct the index system of influencing factors for field engineer curriculum design and explore the further optimization strategy of curriculum design using principal component analysis. The KMO value is 0.962>0.9, and the Sig. of Bartlett’s spherical test is 0.000<0.05. There is a correlation between the variables of the influencing factors, and it is suitable for principal component analysis. The study extracted six principal components of social demand, practical ability, innovation, and entrepreneurship ability, teaching feedback, comprehensive literacy, and theoretical knowledge using principal component analysis, whose cumulative contribution rate reached 95.428%, and the results of the principal component analysis can better explain the influencing factors of the design of the field engineer course. The purpose of this paper is to provide a strategic direction for further optimizing the design of field engineering courses in higher vocational education.