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The compressive toughness evaluation index of HDC (high ductile fiber reinforced concrete) is studied through three groups of uniaxial compressive tests of HDC specimens with different fiber mixing amounts, and an equivalent analysis of their deformability is carried out, coming to the following conclusion: (1) the peak strain of HDC under uniaxial compression can be up to 3.41~3.67 times as large as that of the mortar matrix; (2) the equivalent compressive toughness index reflects the unit volume deformation energy of specimens under uniaxial compression and it can be used as the compressive toughness evaluation index of HDC; (3) the fiber bridging effect of HDC increases the equivalent compressive toughness index and the compressive deformability up to 3 times of the mortar matrix; (4) the relationship between the equivalent compressive toughness index Wcu0.85 and the fiber mixing amount φ is established according to the test results; and (5) the fiber bridging effect of the matrix in HDC can be equaling as a large number of constraint stirrups installed in the specimens, which significantly enhances the compressive toughness and the compressive deformability of specimens.